In general, the results revealed that chemical fertilizers could be replaced with vermicompost × HA and their co-application positively influenced the growth responses and the essential oil composition of coriander. The top linalool content was obtained by using chemical fertilizers and vermicompost × HA at the flowering onset stage. Moreover, the co-application of organic fertilizers × HA at the beginning of flowering resulted in a significant increase in the photosynthetic pigments and N, P, K, Fe, Zn, and Mn content. The highest protein content was observed under vermicompost × HA application before flowering (0.118 μmol L⁻¹ and 0.128 μmol L⁻¹, respectively). The treatments were different fertilizer sources (livestock manure, vermicompost, and chemical fertilizers) and humic acid fertigation before and at the beginning of the flowering stage. A 2-year field research was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design to assay the fertilizer and humic acid (HA) efficiency on the growth responses and essential oil composition of Coriandrum sativum. Nowadays, organic fertilizers such as vermicompost and livestock manure have gained a huge interest in sustainable agricultural systems. In recent decades, the over-use of chemical fertilizers has imposed many environmental challenges worldwide. In conclusion, vermicompost both increased effectiveness of mycorrhizal fungi and also promoted nutrient uptake, dry matter accumulation and seedling growth in cowpea. In particular, combined application of vermicompost and mycorrhizal fungi induced leaf phosphorus content up to 72% over control seedlings. However, the combined application of mycorrhiza and vermicompost exhibited a remarkable synergistic impact on each other. Result: Individual performance of vermicompost amendment was more effective on nutrient uptake and seedling growth compared with alone mycorrhizal treatment and control. The experiment was laid out in split-plot randomized complete design with three replications. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and vermicompost treatments were used in the experiment. Methods: The experiment was laid out under controlled greenhouse conditions at Tokat Gaziosmanpaþa University in 2021. This study was laid out to observe the combined impact of mycorrhiza and vermicompost treatments on plant growth and nutrient uptake of cowpea. The aim of this study is to give infor-mation about the properties of vermicomposts, and its effects on plant growth and soil structure and to provide a current literature source.īackground: Optimum plant nutrition with various organic and inorganic fertilizers such as synthetic fertilizer, compost, mycorrhiza and bacterial isolations have a pivotal role in agricultural production. For all these reasons the use of vermicompost should be encouraged. The average organic matter content of our country's soils is quite low (2% or less). It also helps plants to more effi-ciently utilize plant nutrients in the soil. It also has a positive effect on the ventilation of the soil. It is a material with high water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity. Thus it improves the soil structure while preparing a suitable environment for plant growth as well. Vermicompost products confer plant nutrient elements, various hormones, enzymes, humic substances and especially organic matter to the soil. Chemical substances that have been used intensively for many years have adversely affected soil fertility and microbial activity. Vermicompost is the name given to organic material in which virtually any organic waste is converted into a useful fertilizer and effective soil conditioner.
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